As February 2026 approaches, the National Maize Corporation (NMC) is encouraging farmers across Eswatini to prioritise dry bean production to strengthen food security and take advantage of a market that remains heavily dependent on imports. NMC notes that imports account for over 80% of dry beans consumed locally, underlining a major supply gap that domestic farmers can fill.
The market gap in numbers
NMC’s recent extension material highlights the scale of the opportunity: average production of 1,177 tonnes against average consumption of 7,370 tonnes, implying a shortfall/import requirement of about 6,193 tonnes per year.
The economic opportunity
NMC’s baseline profitability example uses 1.5 t/ha targeted yield and a cost base of E21,770/ha.
Assumptions:
- Price per tonne: E27,500
- Target yield: 1.5 t/ha
- Revenue: 1.5 × 27,500 = E41,250/ha
- Inflation adjustment since 2024 (+10%): 21,770 × 1.10 = E23,947/ha
- Projected gross margin: 41,250 − 23,947 = E17,303/ha
Note: Costs and margins will vary by inputs, labour, rainfall distribution, pest pressure and field management.
Strategic planting for February (by agro-ecological zone)
February remains a key planting window in several regions:
- Highveld: tail end of the season (October–February)
- Middleveld: peak window (January–March)
- Lubombo Plateau: recommended period (February–March)
- Lowveld: recommended period (February–March)
(Farmers should confirm local timing with their RDA extension officer, especially where rainfall onset is late or uneven.)
Variety selection
Choose varieties based on maturity period, market preference, disease tolerance and your area’s conditions. The following options are commonly referenced:
Early to mid-season options
- Cranberry Bush Argentina: early maturing (65–70 days), yield potential around 1,400 kg/ha
- Cal 143: speckled sugar bean, matures in ±95 days, high-yielding (up to ±2,800 kg/ha)
- Bio Nua 45: biofortified (higher zinc and iron), matures in ±95 days
- PAN 9216: red speckled option often chosen where earlier harvest timing is desired
Mid to late option
- Sugar 131: red-dominated speckled sugar bean, around ±110 days to maturity, yields up to ±2,100 kg/ha
- PAN 148: red speckled dry bean option commonly preferred for its market acceptance
(Availability can vary by agro-dealer and season—confirm stock early.)
Field requirements and management basics
Climate and moisture
- Beans are sensitive to high temperatures during flowering; temperatures above 30°C can cause flower drop and reduce pod set.
- Seasonal moisture needs are typically 400–500 mm, with higher totals (around 600–650 mm) considered ideal where feasible.
Soil
- Where soils are acidic, liming and correct basal nutrition are important. (Many guides place best performance around moderately acidic-to-neutral soils; adjust using soil test recommendations.)
Spacing
- A commonly used spacing is 45–60 cm between rows and 8–10 cm between plants (as per the local guideline you provided).
- Ensure uniform depth and a firm seedbed for even emergence.
Weed control
- Beans compete poorly with weeds—prioritise early weeding and keep fields clean through the first month after emergence.
Crop protection
Focus on integrated pest management: regular scouting, crop rotation, clean seed, timely planting and targeted interventions. Where chemical control is required, use registered products only and follow label rates and extension guidance (avoid unregistered or prohibited chemicals).
Harvesting and post-harvest handling
To reduce shattering losses, harvest when most pods are drying but before they become overly brittle. Dry grain thoroughly, keep stores clean, and protect against storage pests using safe, proven storage practices (airtight/hermetic storage where possible).
Support and contact
For seed guidance, planting rates, pest management and market requirements, farmers are encouraged to contact their nearest Rural Development Area (RDA) extension officer or engage the NMC directly. NMC’s beans advisory material also encourages farmers to consult NMC or their nearest development officer for production support.
COMPILED BY SIBUSISO MNGADI | EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
