By: Sibandze Sikhona and Sibusisiwe Ndzimandze

Mbabane, Eswatini — The Ministry of Agriculture has issued a national call for vigilance and unity following confirmation of a foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the Shiselweni region. Stressing the seriousness of the situation, the Ministry has activated an emergency response plan and is urging all livestock farmers, agricultural stakeholders, and the general public to cooperate fully to prevent further spread of the disease.

According to the Ministry, FMD is highly contagious among animals and poses a grave threat to Eswatini’s livestock sector and economy. The disease can be spread rapidly through infected animals, contaminated materials or feed, and even via people’s clothing and vehicles. Due to the outbreak, Eswatini has lost its “FMD-free without vaccination” status—affecting the country’s vital trade in livestock and related products.

The declaration of a national emergency and rollout of containment measures was announced by Hon. Bongani Nzima, the substantive Minister of Sports, Culture and Youth Affairs who is currently serving as Acting Minister of Agriculture. At a press conference at Lilunga House, Minister Nzima emphasized,

“We are acting swiftly and decisively to contain the outbreak and restore our nation’s livestock health. The public’s cooperation is crucial—please report any suspicions and adhere to all regulations. We need to stand together to overcome this challenge.”

Timeline and Details of the Outbreak

On 12 May 2025, veterinary authorities identified cattle showing suspicious symptoms at Sikhwebezi Dip-tank in Mkhwakhweni. Rapid investigation by the Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services confirmed several affected animals, with over 20 displaying symptoms. Laboratory analysis verified five FMD-positive cases; test results were also validated by South Africa’s Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute.

In response:

• Immediate Quarantine: Hluthi sub-region dip-tanks, along with areas in Lavumisa and Nhlangano, were put under strict quarantine and animal movement standstill.
• International Notification: The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), SADC, AU-IBAR, the EU, and neighboring countries have been notified.
• Comprehensive Control Measures: Surveillance, field investigations, and vaccination preparations are underway, with checkpoints manned by local police and the Eswatini Umbutfo Defence Force to enforce biosecurity.

Strategic Response in Action

The government’s response is guided by Eswatini’s FMD contingency and preparedness plans:

• Intensive outbreak investigation and containment
• Enforced animal movement controls and quarantines
• Tightened biosecurity in affected and surrounding areas
• Launch of a mass vaccination campaign
• Mobilizing local and regional support, in partnership with national agencies

Assistance from the National Disaster Management Agency and support from relevant authorities are strengthening risk management and control efforts.

Impact and Appeal

The loss of FMD-free status restricts Eswatini’s ability to export livestock and animal products, posing a major threat to livelihoods and national food security. The Ministry highlights that complete public cooperation is critical for regaining disease-free status and sustaining the nation’s agricultural prosperity.

How the Public Can Help

• Be alert for FMD symptoms in livestock: drooling, blisters, lameness, fever, or sudden death in young animals.
• Report any suspected cases promptly to veterinary officials or the police.
• Do not move cloven-hoofed livestock or their products out of restricted zones.
• Adhere to all regulations and advice from authorities.

For further information or to report suspected cases, contact the Ministry of Agriculture at Lilunga House, Mbabane: +268 2404 5053 / +268 2404 1333.